Wirdle solutions week 3
W'ir blyde tae announce dat, as o daday, da Shaetlan Wirdle is haed 9300 players fae 81 countries. Here's da solutions fir dis week! Scroll fir ee wird at a time tae git da richt answer, it's meaneen, an da history o da wird. Last you'll fin da main references at we øse fir da etymologies, an da latest map o players. You’ll fin da principles o wir spelleen system at Spellin in Shaetlan.
✅
Hit's important tae mind at "Aald English" wis nivver a monolithic language, reider hit's a cover term fir fower distinct Nort Sea Germanic varieties. Da direct ancestor tae Scots wis Northumbrian Aald English. Da direct ancestor tae English wis Mercian Old English. But maist o whit data is left comes fae Wast Saxon Aald English. Wharivver possible w'ir gien da Northumbrian Aald English forms, seein as da main ancestors tae Shaetlan is Norn an Scots (no English), wi a lok o Dutch/Low German influence.
✅
Wir tanks agein tae Julie fir tinkin up da idee, an tae Andrew fir makkin it possible! 🤗
sheen ‘to shine’
History: dis is a aald wird at’s cheinged meaneen (shiftit semantically) alang da wye. Aald Scots haed schene (attestit ca 1400) or scheyne (attestit ca 1500), at comes fae da Aald English adjective (descriptive wird) sċīene, scí(e)ne, scé(o)ne, scíone, scýne, etc meanin ‘boannie, fair, bricht, sheenin, licht.’ It startit tae be øsed meanin ‘tae sheen’ fae da 15t C on, but you dunna fin dat in Standirt English ony mair. Hit ultimately comes fae Proto-Germanic *skauniz ‘boannie, sheenin’, at in turn comes fae Pre-Germanic *skowh₁nis‘watchable’, an dat’s derived fae da Proto-Indo-European verb *(s)kewh₁- ‘tae nottice, tae ant’.
squad ‘squad; in Shetland, specifically, group o guizers participatin in or performin at a Up Helly Aa festival’
History: dis is a raisonably young wird onn’y attestit fae da mid-17t C. Hit’s a lonn o da French escouade, ‘squad’, at in turn comes fae Italian squadra ‘squad, team; square’, a descendant o Lantin ex- ‘oot, awa’ + quadro ‘I square’, at ultimately derives fae quattuor ‘fower’. Yun in turn comes fae Proto-Italic *kʷettwōr ‘fower’ at gings back tae Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr fae *kʷetwóres ‘fower’ (dis is da ultimate røt o fower firbye). In Shetland squad is come tae mean Up Helly Aa squads in parteeklar.
taats plural o taat ‘‘mattit toosk o hair (an firbye, specialised:) thick worsted yarn for making rugs’
History: dis is a Scandinavian wird, but no Shetland specific. Aald Scots tat meant ‘mattit toosk o hair’ (attestit fae 1513) an is probably connekit tae Aald English tættec(a) ‘treff’. Da wird comes fae Aald Norse þáttr‘toosk; single straand o ropp/twine’, at in turn descends fae Proto-Germanic þanhtu- ‘treed’ and ultimately fae Proto-Indo-European *tek- ‘waive, plet’.
nyook ‘corner, nook’
History: dis wird is a mystery. Hit’s fun in Aald Scots (no(i)k) an Middle English nok(e) ‘nyook, corner, angle’ an is attestit fae da 14t C, but maistly in nort & nor’aest midland sources. Hit’s fun in plaessnaems as weel, laek Esthauwenook (attestit fae 1336) athin Nottinghamshire. Bit da origin o da wird we dunna ken. Da Scottish Gaelic niùc ‘corner’ is a lonn fae Scots.
spoot ‘to spout, squirt; tae rush forth, mak a quick movement; a razor-clam’
History: dis wird is a lonn fae Middle Dutch spoiten, spouten ‘tae spoot, skeet; inject’ (Modren Dutch spuiten). Aald Scots haed spoutt, spute etc (attestit fae da 16t C), an Middle English haed spout(e)n, spowt(e) etc (attested fae da 17t C). Hit ultimately comes fae Proto-Germanic * spīwatjaną ‘tae spit; spoot’, at in turn derives fae Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptēiw-/*(s)ptyēw- ‘tae spit, tae spew’.
skirl ‘to laugh shrilly’
History: dis wird is relatit tae Norwegian skrella an Swedish skrälla ‘mak lood noise’. Athin Aald Scots skirl is attestit fae 1508 wi da meaneen ‘tae peester’ an fae 1513 wi da meaneen ‘a scream, yall’. In Middle English skirle is attestit fae 1400. It’s a metathesis (whaar twa soonds is swappit plaesses) or scrille/skrille ‘tae scream, peester, cry oot a shrill wye’. Da ultimate origin is Proto-Germanic *skrellanan (scoarns da soond).
gaets ‘paths’ plural o gaet ‘path’
History: dis is a faase freend (a wird at soonds/looks jüst da sam or braaly seemlar, but means somethin idder) wi English gate, at haes anidder origin. Aald Scots gat(e), gait meanin ‘gaet, wye, rodd’ etc is attestit fae 1375. It comes fae Aald Norse gata ‘gaet, wye, rodd’, at in turn comes fae Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ ‘wye, rodd, transe’.
References:
Bokmålsordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.
Christie-Johnston, Alastair & Adaline Christie-Johnston. 2014. Shetland words. A dictionary of the Shetland dialect. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.
de Vaan, Michiel. 2008. Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden, Boston: Brill
de Vries, Jan. 1977. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill.
DSL Online. 2002. Glasgow: The University of Glasgow. Available at https://dsl.ac.uk/.
Heggestad, Leiv, Finn Hødnebø & Erik Simensen. 1993. Norrøn ordbok. 4th edn of Gamalnorsk ordbok. Oslo: Det norske samlaget.
Hellquist, Elof. 1993. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Malmö: Gleerups.
Jakobsen, Jakob. 1985 [1928]. An etymological dictionary of the Norn language in Shetland. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.
Kroonen, Guus. 2013. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill.
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1986. A Gothic etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
Macbain, Alexander. 1911. An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language. Stirling: Eneas Mackay.
Marwick, Hugh. 1929. The Orkney Norn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Matasović, Ranko. 2009. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill.
Nielsen, Niels Åge. 1995. Dansk etymologisk ordbog. Ordenes historie. 4th edn. København: Gyldendal.
Nynorskordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.
OED Online. 2021. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at https://www-oed-com.ezproxy.uni-giessen.de.
Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A handbook of Germanic etymology. Leiden: Brill.
Pfeifer, Wolfgang (ed.). 1997. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.
Pokorny, Julius. 1994. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Tübingen: Francke Verlag.
Torp, Alf. 1919. Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok. Kristiania: Forlaget H. Aschehoug & Co.
Zoëga, Geir T. 1896. English-Icelandic dictionary. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
Zoëga, Geir T. 1922. Icelandic-English dictionary. 2nd edn, enlarged. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
