Wirdle solutions week 2
W'ir blyde tae announce dat, as o daday, da Shaetlan Wirdle is haed 8500 players fae 81 countries. Here's da solutions fir dis week! Scroll fir ee wird at a time tae git da richt answer, it's meaneen, an da history o da wird. Last you'll fin da main references at we øse fir da etymologies, an da latest map o players.
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Hit's important tae mind at "Aald English" wis nivver a monolithic language, reider hit's a cover term fir fower distinct Nort Sea Germanic varieties. Da direct ancestor tae Scots wis Northumbrian Aald English. Da direct ancestor tae English wis Mercian Old English. But maist o whit data is left comes fae Wast Saxon Aald English. Wharivver possible w'ir gien da Northumbrian Aald English forms, seein as da main ancestors tae Shaetlan is Norn an Scots (no English), wi a lok o Dutch/Low German influence.
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Wir tanks agein tae Julie fir tinkin up da idee, an tae Andrew fir makkin it possible! 🤗
swall ‘swell’ (noun)
History: Aald Scots swall ‘a swall; tae swall’ (attested 1598), a noun derived oot o da Aald English swellan ‘tae swall’, at comes fae Proto-Germanic *swellaną ‘tae swall’. Whaar yun wird comes fae isna certain, maebbi fae Proto-Indo-European *su̯el-nṓ ‘tae swall’.
skelp ‘a slap; to slap’
History: Aald Scots skelp ‘a blow’ (attested 1540) an ‘tae clipe, cloosh’ (attested 1590). Da airliest attestations is Middle English scelpe ‘tae strik, skelp; a blow, skelp’ aroond 1400-1450. Da ultimate origin we dunna ken, but it’s maist laekly scoarnin da soond. Suggestions at it haes a Scandinavian derivation isna convincin.
micht ‘might’ (auxiliary verb)
History: Aald Scots micht (fae 1375). This is oreeginally da Aald English 1st and 3rd person past tense form mehte, mih(h)te, etc, o da verb magan ‘can, tae be able (tae)’, at derives fae Proto-Germanic *maganą ‘tae be able; alooed tae’. Dis in turn comes fae PIE *(me)mógʰe ‘tae hae pooer; tae be able (tae)’, at’s da perfect form o *megʰ- ‘tae be able (tae)’.
wealt ‘wealth’
History: da parteeclar history o dis wird is debaeted, but it could be a combination o well an weal plus da endeen -t (defricative stop o oreeginal -þ; parallel tae sicn derivations as lent ‘length’, aert ‘earth’, nort ‘north’, etc. Mair aboot da “th”-soonds in wir posst fae 23 October 2021). Da wird well comes fae Aald English wyl, wæll, etc ‘da condeetion o bein weel, healt, blydeness’ (at led tae Middle English welþe, welt(h)). Da wird weal comes fae Aald English we(o)la ‘wealt, penga’, at in turn derives from Proto-Germanic *walô ‘weelness, whit’s best fir a body’. The endeen -t maks nouns an comes fae Aald English -þ (nominaliser), at in turn comes fae Proto-Germanic *-iþō (nominaliser), an ultimately fae Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂, *-teh₂ at maed nouns indicatin a staet o bein.
hegri ‘heron’
History: dis wird is Shetland specific. Hit’s braaly aald: hit comes fae Norn hegri, at comes fae Aald Norse hegri ‘hegri’. Dat in turn descends fae Proto-Germanic *hraigran ‘hegri’, at comes fae da Proto-Indo-European *kroikro-, *krikro, a wird at scoarns da kreksit skrech o da birds.
pirms ‘bobbins’ plural o pirm ‘bobbin’
History: origin no kent. Fun athin Scots fae 1473 (pirn), as pyrne firbye (as a adjective; attested 1511) an pirnit (attested 1494).
ploos ‘ploughs’ plural o ploo ‘plough’
History: dis wird is maed it roond da Nort Sea in a loop. Da Aald Scots plewch (1375), plew (1416), pleuch (ca 1400), etc. comes fae laet Aald English plog ‘ploo-laand (da maesure o laand at could be plooed athin a day)’ Dis in turn is a lonn fae laet Aald Norse plógr ‘ploo’, at itsel is a lonn fae da continental Wast Germanic languages, cf. Aald High German phluog ‘ploo’ (8th C) an Aald Frisian plōch, plōg ‘ploo’. Dis Wast Germanic wird replaessed da aalder Norse arðr ‘ploo’. Ultimately ploo gings back tae Proto-Germanic *plōga- ‘ploo’. Ony ferder origin isna kent o.
References:
Bokmålsordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.
Christie-Johnston, Alastair & Adaline Christie-Johnston. 2014. Shetland words. A dictionary of the Shetland dialect. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.
de Vaan, Michiel. 2008. Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden, Boston: Brill
de Vries, Jan. 1977. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill.
DSL Online. 2002. Glasgow: The University of Glasgow. Available at https://dsl.ac.uk/.
Heggestad, Leiv, Finn Hødnebø & Erik Simensen. 1993. Norrøn ordbok. 4th edn of Gamalnorsk ordbok. Oslo: Det norske samlaget.
Hellquist, Elof. 1993. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Malmö: Gleerups.
Jakobsen, Jakob. 1985 [1928]. An etymological dictionary of the Norn language in Shetland. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.
Kroonen, Guus. 2013. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill.
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1986. A Gothic etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
Macbain, Alexander. 1911. An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language. Stirling: Eneas Mackay.
Marwick, Hugh. 1929. The Orkney Norn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Matasović, Ranko. 2009. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill.
Nielsen, Niels Åge. 1995. Dansk etymologisk ordbog. Ordenes historie. 4th edn. København: Gyldendal.
Nynorskordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.
OED Online. 2021. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at https://www-oed-com.ezproxy.uni-giessen.de.
Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A handbook of Germanic etymology. Leiden: Brill.
Pfeifer, Wolfgang (ed.). 1997. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.
Pokorny, Julius. 1994. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Tübingen: Francke Verlag.
Torp, Alf. 1919. Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok. Kristiania: Forlaget H. Aschehoug & Co.
Zoëga, Geir T. 1896. English-Icelandic dictionary. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
Zoëga, Geir T. 1922. Icelandic-English dictionary. 2nd edn, enlarged. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
