Wirdle solutions week 9
W'ir blyde tae announce dat, as o daday, da Shaetlan Wirdle is haed mair as 13,000 players fae 89 countries. Here's da solutions fir dis week! Scroll fir ee wird at a time tae git da richt answer, it's meaneen, an da history o da wird. Last you'll fin da main references at we øse fir da etymologies, an da latest map o players. You'll fin da priciples o wir spelleen system at https://wwwiheardee.com/shaetlan/spellin-in-shaetlan (or inna wir linktree).
✅
Hit's important tae mind at "Aald English" wis nivver a monolithic language, reider hit's a cover term fir fower distinct Nort Sea Germanic varieties. Da direct ancestor tae Scots wis Northumbrian Aald English. Da direct ancestor tae English wis Mercian Old English. But maist o whit data is left comes fae Wast Saxon Aald English. Wharivver possible w'ir gien da Northumbrian Aald English forms, seein as da main ancestors tae Shaetlan is Norn an Scots (no English), wi a lok o Dutch/Low German influence.
✅
Wir tanks agein tae Julie fir tinkin up da idee, an tae Andrew fir makkin it possible! 🤗
shair ‘chair’
History: dis is a English lonn intae da Scots spaekkin plaesses. Hit in turn is a lonn fae Anglo-Norman chaëre, at comes fae Latin cat(h)edra ‘saet’. Dis in turn is a lonn fae da Greek καθέδρα (kathédra) ‘saet, throne, shair, sitteen poseetion, etc’, at’s a derivation o κατά (katá) ‘doon’ (fae Proto-indo-European *ḱm̥ta ‘closs, aside, alang, wi, etc’) + ἕδρα (hédra) ‘saet’ (fae Proto-Hellanic *hédrā, in turn fae Proto-Indo-European *sedreh₂, at’s a nominal derivation o da verb *sed- ‘tae sit’).
wylks plural o wylk ‘periwinkle’
History: da Aald Scots wilk meant ‘buckie’ (no wylk) an is attestit fae 1500. Shün eftir dat time da meaneen shiftit tae ‘wylk’ idda Scots spaekkin plaesses, an yun’s da meaneen attestit fae 1722. Da wird is cognate wi English whelk, at comes fae Aald English wi(o)loc, wyloc, weoloc, weoluc ‘a buckie’, at in turn comes fae Proto-West-Germanic *weluk ‘buckie’ (da origin o da Du. an Fris. wulk, as weel as Flem. wullok), but ony ferder etymology we dunna ken. Da unetymological spelleen wi wh- in English startit idda 15C.
blaan past participle o blaa ‘blow’
History: da Aald Scots forms blawe, blau, blav, ‘tae blaa’ decends fae Aald English bláwan ‘tae blaa, braithe, blaa up, mak soond’, at in turn comes dae Proto-Germanic *blēaną fae Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- ‘tae swall, blaa up’.
upbye ‘up (ower) yundroo’
History: dis refers tae a kent reference point at’s ‘up ower yundroo’ fae da spaekker’s reference point, hit’s a compound o up + bye ‘closs, aside, in aboot’. Shaetlan haes twa forms fir 'by': da unstressed bi (/bɪ/) an da stressed bye (/baɪ/). Dis differentiation is braaly aald an gings streight back tae Aald English. Da ultimate origin o da baith o da forms is da Proto-Germanic *bi 'by, at, closs, aroond' at comes fae Pro-Indo-European *h₁epi ‘on, at, closs’. In Aald English de cam tae be twa forms, da strong or stressed bî, bī, by, bij, bei, and da waik or unstressed bĭ, bĕ. The strong/stressed form wis øsed fir adverbs an strong preposeetions an da waik/unstressed form. fir verbal prefixes an waik preposeetions. Da wye de wir keepit saeperit is ey bidden da sam in da nortaboot an Scots varieties ivver fae syne.
truck ‘trample’
History: dis wird is onn’y fun idda plaesses at wis wint tae spaek Norn. Hit comes fae Aald Norse traðka ‘tae stramp ower bi fit, truck (ower da heicht o)’, at survives firbye inna Icel. traðka ‘tae truck (ower da heicht o), Far. traðk ‘a track’, NyNo. trakk ‘a track, da wye at someen trucks ower somethin’, trakke ‘tae truck.’.
rifts present tense o rift ‘tae belch’; plural o rift ‘a belch’
History: dis is a airly lonn intae da Middle English an Scots varieties fae Aald Norse rypta ‘rift’. Da Aald Scots form rift is attestit fae 1420 wi da meaneen ‘a rift’ an fae 1456 wi da meaneen ‘tae rift’. Da Middle English forms rift(e), ryft(e) ‘tae belch’ is attestit fae da 15C.
kerry ‘carry’
History: dis is a English wird borrooed fae Anglo-Norman carier, carrier, karier, kerier ‘tae kerry’ as weel as post-classical Latin carriare ‘tae transpoart (bi laand), tae tak or transpoart’. Da choice o k- idda spelleen o kerry folloos wir principle o øsin <k> fir da “herd” k-soond (velar plosive) afore /i, e, y/ soonds (high front vowels) athoot ivver leetin da etymology o da wird, whaaras <c> is øsed fir “herd” k-soonds afore /a, o, u/ soonds (low an back vowels) whin it’s etymologically justified, becis <ci-, ce-,
cy-> tends tae imply “saft” s-soonds (palatal fricatives an sibilants) fir maist spaekkers.
References
Bokmålsordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.
Christie-Johnston, Alastair & Adaline Christie-Johnston. 2014. Shetland words. A dictionary of the Shetland dialect. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.
de Vaan, Michiel. 2008. Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden, Boston: Brill
de Vries, Jan. 1977. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill.
DSL Online. 2002. Glasgow: The University of Glasgow. Available at https://dsl.ac.uk/.
Heggestad, Leiv, Finn Hødnebø & Erik Simensen. 1993. Norrøn ordbok. 4th edn of Gamalnorsk ordbok. Oslo: Det norske samlaget.
Hellquist, Elof. 1993. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Malmö: Gleerups.
Jakobsen, Jakob. 1985 [1928]. An etymological dictionary of the Norn language in Shetland. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.
Kroonen, Guus. 2013. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill.
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1986. A Gothic etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
Macbain, Alexander. 1911. An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language. Stirling: Eneas Mackay.
Marwick, Hugh. 1929. The Orkney Norn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Matasović, Ranko. 2009. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill.
Nielsen, Niels Åge. 1995. Dansk etymologisk ordbog. Ordenes historie. 4th edn. København: Gyldendal.
Nynorskordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.
OED Online. 2021. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at https://www-oed-com.ezproxy.uni-giessen.de.
Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A handbook of Germanic etymology. Leiden: Brill.
Pfeifer, Wolfgang (ed.). 1997. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.
Pokorny, Julius. 1994. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Tübingen: Francke Verlag.
Torp, Alf. 1919. Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok. Kristiania: Forlaget H. Aschehoug & Co.
Zoëga, Geir T. 1896. English-Icelandic dictionary. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
Zoëga, Geir T. 1922. Icelandic-English dictionary. 2nd edn, enlarged. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.
