Wirdle solutions week 8

W'ir blyde tae announce dat, as o daday, da Shaetlan Wirdle is haed mair as 12,000 players fae 89 countries. Here's da solutions fir dis week! Scroll fir ee wird at a time tae git da richt answer, it's meaneen, an da history o da wird. Last you'll fin da main references at we øse fir da etymologies, an da latest map o players. You’ll fin da principles o wir spelleen system at Spellin in Shaetlan.

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Hit's important tae mind at "Aald English" wis nivver a monolithic language, reider hit's a cover term fir fower distinct Nort Sea Germanic varieties. Da direct ancestor tae Scots wis Northumbrian Aald English. Da direct ancestor tae English wis Mercian Old English. But maist o whit data is left comes fae Wast Saxon Aald English. Wharivver possible w'ir gien da Northumbrian Aald English forms, seein as da main ancestors tae Shaetlan is Norn an Scots (no English), wi a lok o Dutch/Low German influence.

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Wir tanks agein tae Julie fir tinkin up da idee, an tae Andrew fir makkin it possible! 🤗

riggs plural o rigg ‘spine, back; ridge’

History: dis wird is inherited fae Scots an Norn baith. Da Aald Scots rigge is attestit meanin ‘high broo o a hill’ fae 1375, ‘back’ fae c. 1420, an ‘strip o arable laand’ fae 1428. Da Aald English hryuic, hryum, hyrgc, etc ‘back, rigg, ridge, high surfice’ comes fae Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz ‘back, rigg, ridge’, at micht derive fae Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreuk-/*(s)ker- ‘tae wup, benkle’, bit de’r nae cognates at’s certain ootside o da Germanic branch. Da Scots an nort forms shaas a airly influence in pronunciation dae Aald Norse hryggr ‘rigg’ (at is da origin o Da. No. ryg an Sw. rygg).

hanks plural o hank ‘skein (o wirset); coil; to coil, gadder up a lent o line’

History: dis wird is come a interestin gaet. Hit’s fun athin Aald Scots as hank fae ca 1420 an in Middle English as hanc, hanke fae da 14t C. Hit seems laek it’s a lonn fae fae Aald Norse hǫnk ‘hank, coil, skein, clasp, etc’, at is da origin o Sw. hank ‘ring, loop, etc (tae hing somethin wi)’ an No./Da. hank ‘haan’le’ maebbi a Hansa lonn. Hit ultimately derives fae Proto-Indo-European *ke(n)g-/*ke(n)k- ‘hyook, haan’le, snib, peg, etc’.

skurm ‘(ooter) shall’

History: dis wird is onny fun idaa former Norn spaekin plaesses. Hit comes fae da Aald Norse skurnr ‘a shall’ (da origin o Icel. Skurma ‘tae flipe, scael aff’, skuru ‘igg-shall’ an NyNo. skurn ‘herd shall’). We dunna ken da origin; hit micht be a derivation o da verb skera ‘tae cut’ (at comes fae Proto-Germanic *skeraną ‘tae stoo, cut’, itsel fae Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- ‘tae cut aff’).

gants present tense o gant ‘to yawn’

History: dis wird is a bit o a mystery. Hit’s onn’y fun athin Scots an da nort varieties. Da Aald Scots ga(u)nt ‘gant, gaep’ is attestit as a verb fae 1456 an as a noun fae c. 1470. Hit derives fae Aald English gānian ‘tae gant’, but da form shaas at it micht’ll a cam trowe a frequentative (shaain at somethin aft gings on) derivation o gánęttan. Aald English gānian comes fae Proto-Germanic *gainōna- ‘tae gant, gaep’, at in turn comes fae Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰin-neh2-/*ǵʰh2-i-nu-e ‘tae oppen, spleet up’.

dorts present tense o dort ‘tae sulk’; or noun ‘sulkiness, (the) sulks’

History: dis wird is agein a mystery. Agein hit’s onn’y fun in Scots an da nort varieties. Da airliest attestation in Aald Scots is dort ‘tae sulk’ (1620) an dorts ‘sulkiness, etc’ (c.1637), bit airlier derivations o da wird is fun airlier: dortie (c.1590) an dortynes (1513). We dunna ken whaar it comes fae.

smeeg ‘smirk’

History: dis wird is Shetland specific. Hit isna fun in Aald Norse an so it isna inherited fae Norn. Da Scandinavian cognates, e.g. NyNo. smeik(j)e, Sw. smeka baith ‘kyoder’ an Da. dial. smige ‘tae cüllie aboot someen’ ir aa fae Middle Low German smēken ‘fyaarm’. So da Shaetlan wird is laekly a Hansa lonn an aa.

hosst ‘tae cough; a cough’

History: now - dis wird haes maist interstin wups an snyuds tae it. Hit’s maistly dun in da Scots an nort varieties. De wir da Aald English hwósta ‘a hosst’, hwóstan ‘tae hosst’, but isna kent tae a survived inta Middle English. Aald Scots host ‘hosstin, a host’ is attestit fae c. 1470, an as a verb fae c. 1500. Da nort forms comes fae Aald Norse hósta ‘tae hosst’, hósti ‘a hosst’, at comes fae Proto-Germanic *hwôstô-, *hwōsaną (an da origin o da lost Aald English hwósta(n) firbye), at ultimately derives fae Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- ‘tae hosst’. Hoosumivver, hit’s could be at Aald English hwósta micht’ll a survived dialectally in sicn forms as whoost, at could a come tae be hoost, at’s maebbi da origin o da Shropshire wird ‘oost.

References

Bokmålsordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.

Christie-Johnston, Alastair & Adaline Christie-Johnston. 2014. Shetland words. A dictionary of the Shetland dialect. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.

de Vaan, Michiel. 2008. Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden, Boston: Brill

de Vries, Jan. 1977. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill.

DSL Online. 2002. Glasgow: The University of Glasgow. Available at https://dsl.ac.uk/.

Heggestad, Leiv, Finn Hødnebø & Erik Simensen. 1993. Norrøn ordbok. 4th edn of Gamalnorsk ordbok. Oslo: Det norske samlaget.

Hellquist, Elof. 1993. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Malmö: Gleerups.

Jakobsen, Jakob. 1985 [1928]. An etymological dictionary of the Norn language in Shetland. Lerwick: The Shetland Times.

Kroonen, Guus. 2013. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill.

Lehmann, Winfred P. 1986. A Gothic etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.

Macbain, Alexander. 1911. An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language. Stirling: Eneas Mackay.

Marwick, Hugh. 1929. The Orkney Norn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Matasović, Ranko. 2009. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill.

Nielsen, Niels Åge. 1995. Dansk etymologisk ordbog. Ordenes historie. 4th edn. København: Gyldendal.

Nynorskordboka. 2022. Språkrådet og Universitetet i Bergen. Available at http://ordbøkene.no.

OED Online. 2021. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at https://www-oed-com.ezproxy.uni-giessen.de.

Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A handbook of Germanic etymology. Leiden: Brill.

Pfeifer, Wolfgang (ed.). 1997. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.

Pokorny, Julius. 1994. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3rd edn. 2 Vols. Tübingen: Francke Verlag.

Torp, Alf. 1919. Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok. Kristiania: Forlaget H. Aschehoug & Co.

Zoëga, Geir T. 1896. English-Icelandic dictionary. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.

Zoëga, Geir T. 1922. Icelandic-English dictionary. 2nd edn, enlarged. Reykjavík: Sigurður Kristjánsson.